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What is DNA?   These instructions are found inside every cell and are passed down from parents to their children. It is a nucleic acid and is one of the four major types of macromolecules that are known to be essential for all forms of life. DNA is found in the nucleus, with a small amount of DNA also present in mitochondria in the eukaryotes. Structure of DNA The genetic material in most organisms is DNA or Deoxyribonucleic acid; whereas in some viruses, it is RNA or Ribonucleic acid. A DNA molecule consists of two polynucleotide chains i.e. chains with multiple nucleotides. Let’s understand the structure of this chain in detail. DNA and Its occurence:- The DNA molecule is composed of units called  nucleotides,  and each nucleotide is composed of three different components, such as sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogen bases.  Structure Of Polynucleotide Chain A nucleotide is made of the following components: Pentose sugar – A pentose sugar is a 5-carbon sugar. In c...

Important Biology Notes on Human Blood Blood is a bodily fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. Blood contains antibodies, nutrients, oxygen and much more to help the bodywork. Let us have a look at the Composition of Human Blood in detail.  Human Blood The blood constitutes  7% of the total weight of the human's body . Its pH value is nearly 7.4, so it is considered base in nature. There is an average of  5-6 litres of blood in the human body. Blood consists of two parts:- (1) Plasma (2) Blood Corpuscles (1) Plasma It is the  liquid part  of blood. It constitutes 60% part of the blood. The plasma has 90% parts is water, 7% protein, 0.9% salt and 0.1% is glucose.  Its main function is to Transport of digested food, hormones, the excretory product from one part of the body to another part of the body. When Fibrinoge...