Gymnosperm:- Gymnosperm means naked seed. The word 'gymnosperm' is derived from Greek words- 'gymnos', means naked and 'sperma' means seed. Gymnosperm are those seed plants in which the ovules are not enclosed in ovary and the pollen typically germinate on the surface of the surface of the ovule. The term 'gymnosperm' was introduced by Theophrastus in 300 B.C. General character s of gymnosperms :- All gymnosperm are perennial, none of them are herbs or annual. Double fertilization is absent. Pollination is of anemophilous type. Leaves are provided with thick cuticularised epidermis with waxy coating and sunken stomata. Vessel, xylem fibres and companion cells are absent in vascular tissue. Occurrence of transfusion tissue in the leaves. Ovules are not enclosed in an ovary. The reproductive organs are arranged in form of compact structures known as cones. The cones are Unisexual. Male cones are usually small an...